(Originally published in the Helsingin Sanomat newspaper on 24th August 2009. This is the longer, extended version in English.

The shorter Finnish version can be found at tinyurl.com/mobiili )

 

 


MOBILE PHONE USE OF CHILDREN IS A HEALTH RISK

Finally the discussion is starting about mobile technologies and health risks in Finland. Authors will next describe why the children-related recommendation of the STUK (Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority) from January 2009 is relevant and why also adults should minimise their microwave exposure. [1]

PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH 10 YEARS AGO

In 1993-1999 a large, industry-funded research project, Wireless Technology Research (WTR), was conducted in the USA. Some animal studies of this project indicated micronuclei development (as a sign of genetic damage), blood-brain barrier leakage and increase of various tumours. For these reasons, the project leader, Dr George Carlo and his staff recommended hands-free use for adults and prohibition of children's use of mobile phones. Noteworthy is that in 2000 only one industry representative, a service provider called MetroCall, listened and instructed their customers accordingly. [2]

The same year, 2000, the ECOLOG Institute made a research overview of health risks for a German service provider. In this overview, the effects of pulsed signal (GSM, DECT, TETRA) were seen more harmful on the cell level than continuous, non-pulsed signal (FM Radio, NMT). The ECOLOG Institute recommended that mobile phones would not be advertised to children and hands-free equipment would be mandatory. Once again, the mobile industry did not react. [3]

BIOINITIATIVE AND MOST RECENT EVENTS

In 2007 the BioInitiative Report was published with a review of thousands of studies of electromagnetic fields (EMF). [4] We cited these findings in our book "Matkapuhelinteknologia - Mitkä ovat terveysriskit, translation: Mobile phone technologies - what are the health risks". [5] This book was delivered to representatives of the Finnish Parliament. The European Environment Agency (EEA) supported the conclusions of the BioInitiative Report. [6] In September 2008 the European Parliament expressed its concern about the limits of ICNIRP guidance levels by describing them 'obsolete'. [7] The official warning of RNCNIRP Russia from October 2008 indicates the Alzheimer risk of those children who start using mobile phones in their early childhood. [8] In April 2009 the European Parliament advised that mobile phone base stations should not be installed close to schools and health institutions. Currently, France is legislatively banning mobile phone use of smallest children and it will not be allowed to use these devices in schools. [9] If we talk about the risk of cancer, we express here our concern: in the future there might be an increase of various brain tumours, breast cancer and melanoma. [10] Definitely, more independent research is needed in this topic. There are also indicators that EMFs may damage fertility and the consequences will be visible in the coming generations. [11]

GUIDANCE LEVELS AND MECHANISMS OF EFFECT

Currently, the existing ICNIRP guidance levels in Finland and many Western countries are based only on short-term tissue heating. These guidance levels are not made for continuous EMF exposure. Our colleague, professor Yuri Grigoriev, the head of Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (RNCNIRP) has several times emphasised this and expressed his concern. Doctor Carl Blackman has similarly indicated that frequencies, the method of modulation and duration of exposure should be taken in account when setting guidance levels and when utilising technologies.. [12]

The biological effects may be possible at 1/10.000 part of the ICNIRP guidance level and some of these effects are harmful. Certain frequencies (like 16 Hz) in combination with certain radiation power density values are more harmful than other combinations. This phenomenon is called 'frequency-window' and it was discovered by Kaczmarek, Bawin and Adey already in 1975. The implications of frequency-windows are visible in cell studies, where the calcium leaks out from cells and may damage cell membranes. [13] It may not be a co-incident that the symptoms of people suffering from the EHS (Electrical hyper sensitive) are very similar to hypocalcemia. Another noteworthy mechanism was recently mentioned by Dr Ronald Herberman in the US Congressional Hearing and that is the creation of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and oxidative stress. [14] This mechanism was first time described in cell level by Joseph Friedman and his research group in 2007. [15] Additionally, EMF exposure seems to disturb the melatonin and serotonin production of the pineal gland. [16] To summarise: There are already many plausible mechanisms of effect, but more independent research is needed to describe them in smallest detail. For laymen(women) interested in the effects of electricity, we recommend the 'Cross Currents' book from Dr Robert O. Becker. [17] Becker was twice nominated for Nobel Prize in medicine.

ABOUT THE SPECIAL RISKS OF CHILDREN

The cell division in children is far more active than in adults. The brain cell networks are just being formed. The thin skull provides very limited protection again radiation exposure. The DNA repair mechanism of children is less robust than in adults. If a child uses a mobile phone 'on ear', the radiation penetrates deep in the head. Similarly, the relative mean SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) values are higher in child's head than in adult's head. [18] These facts are based on studies of Gandhi et al and Wiart et al , they were confirmed last time in October 2008 in the 'Cell Phones and Cancer - What Science Says' Congressional Hearing in Washington. [19] Due to the previously mentioned frequency-window effect, not even the handsfree- or speaker phone use of mobile phones may not be safe to little children.

The corded phone is the only safe phone. The official STUK recommendation from January contains a sentence: "avoid calling under bad reception conditions". We hope that finally the discussion starts about the health implications of the shutdown of POTS & ADSL-network in Nordic countries. [20] Why has the Ministry of Transport and Communications Finland allowed service providers to shut down the functional wired network in many areas of Finland? In these 'closed territories' children are forced to use both mobile phone and wireless modem often under bad reception conditions. This is dangerous and causes inequality in our country. Why do children have to suffer from the technology hype of adults?

Professor (emer.) in physiology Osmo Hänninen

MD Seppo Kinnunen

Researcher Mikko Ahonen           
           

 

 

References:

 

[1] Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority Finland (STUK): Children’s mobile phone use should be limited:

 

 http://stuk.fi/stuk/tiedotteet/en_GB/news_527/

 

 

Previous Nordic recommendation in 2004, STUK also involved:

 

http://sateilyturvakeskus.fi/stuk/tiedotteet/2004/fi_FI/news_340/_files/12222632510008322/default/NordicMobilPress2004.pdf

 

 

[2] Wireless Technology Research (WTR) – the final report:

 

Carlo, G. L., & Jenrow, R. S. (2000). Scientific progress - wireless phones and brain cancer: current state of the science. Medscape General Medicine, 2(3), E40.

 

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/408066

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11104486

 

 

A book about the WTR-project and findings:

 

Carlo, G., & Schram, M. (2002). Cell Phones: Invisible Hazards in the Wireless Age: An Insider's Alarming Discoveries about Cancer and Genetic Damage (p. 320). Basic Books.

http://www.amazon.com/Cell-Phones-Invisible-Wireless-Discoveries/dp/0786708182

 

 

Blood-brain barrier leakage:

 

Salford, L. G., Brun, A., Sturesson, K., Eberhardt, J. L., & Persson, B. R. (1994). Permeability of the blood-brain barrier induced by 915 MHz electromagnetic radiation, continuous wave and modulated at 8, 16, 50, and 200 Hz. Microscopy Research and Technique, 27(6), 535-42. doi: 10.1002/jemt.1070270608.

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8012056

 

 

Salford, L. G., Brun, A. E., Eberhardt, J. L., Malmgren, L., & Persson, B. R. R. (2003). Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(7), 881-3; discussion A408.

 
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12782486 
 
 

An overview on video: 

http://multimedia.biol.uoa.gr/2008/Seminaria_Diplwmatikes%20k.a/Synedrio_Thess/Global%20new/L.htm

 

Leszczynski, D., Joenvaara, S., Reivinen, J., & Kuokka, R. (121). Non-thermal activation of the hsp27/p38MAPK stress pathway by mobile phone radiation in human endothelial cells: Molecular mechanism for cancer- and blood-brain barrier-related effects. Differentiation, 70(2-3), 120-129.

 

http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1432-0436.2002.700207.x

 

 

Schirmacher, A., Winters, S., Fischer, S., Goeke, J., Galla, H. J., Kullnick, U., et al. (2000). Electromagnetic fields (1.8 GHz) increase the permeability to sucrose of the blood-brain barrier in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics, 21(5), 338-45.

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10899769

 

 

Albert, E. N., & Kerns, J. M. (1981). Reversible microwave effects on the blood-brain barrier. Brain Research, 230(1-2), 153-164.

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7317776  

 

 

Quock, R. M., Fujimoto, J. M., Ishii, T. K., & Lange, D. G. (1986). Microwave facilitation of methylatropine antagonism of central cholinomimetic drug effects. Radiation Research, 105(3), 328-340.

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961098

 

 

Neubauer, C., Phelan, A. M., Kues, H., & Lange, D. G. (1990). Microwave irradiation of rats at 2.45 GHz activates pinocytotic-like uptake of tracer by capillary endothelial cells of cerebral cortex. Bioelectromagnetics, 11(4), 261-8.

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2285411

 

 

Older research papers and additional info about the mechanism:

http://csifcem.free.fr/bbb.html

 

 

Micronuclei development as a sign of genetic damage:

 

Shelby, M. D., Erexson, G. L., Hook, G. J., & Tice, R. R. (1993). Evaluation of a three-exposure mouse bone marrow micronucleus protocol: results with 49 chemicals. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 21(2), 160-79.

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8444144

 

 

Tice, R., Hook, G. & McRee, D.I. (1999). Genetic Damage from Cellphone Radiation. Proc. 30th Annual Meeting of the Environmental Mutagen Society, Washington DC, March 1999.

 

Tice, R. R., Hook, G. G., Donner, M., McRee, D. I., & Guy, A. W. (2002). Genotoxicity of radiofrequency signals. I. Investigation of DNA damage and micronuclei induction in cultured human blood cells. Bioelectromagnetics, 23(2), 113-26.

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11835258

 

 

Garaj-Vrhovac, V. (1999). Micronucleus assay and lymphocyte mitotic activity in risk assessment of occupational exposure to microwave radiation. Chemosphere, 39(13), 2301-12.

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10576101

 

 

d'Ambrosio, G., Massa, R., Scarfi, M. R., & Zeni, O. (2002). Cytogenetic damage in human lymphocytes following GMSK phase modulated microwave exposure. Bioelectromagnetics, 23(1), 7-13.

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11793401

 

 

[3] The ECOLOG-report and findings, commissioned by a German service provider:

 

Introduction: http://www.hese-project.org/hese-uk/en/niemr/ecologsum.php

 

Full report: http://www.hese-project.org/hese-uk/en/papers/ecolog2000.pdf

 

 

All doctor appeals and initiatives, gathered at one site:

 

http://appelle.diagnose-funk.org/

 

[Please, browse those tabs]

 

 

[4] BioInitiative-Report:

 

http://www.bioinitiative.org/report/index.htm

 

 

[5] Hänninen et al. (2007) ’Matkapuhelinteknologia – Mitkä ovat terveysriskit? Mobile phone technologies – what are the health risks’ -book:

 

http://www.sahkoailmassa.fi/matkapuhelinteknologia.html

 

 

[6] European Environmental Agency - Radiation risk from everyday devices assessed - warning:

 

http://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/radiation-risk-from-everyday-devices-assessed

 

 

Dr Neil Cherry’s document to the European Parliament in 2000 and extension in 2002:

 

 ‘Evidence that Electromagnetic Radiation is Genotoxic’

http://www.scribd.com/doc/18762027/Dr-Neil-Cherry-Evidence-That-Electromagnetic-Radiation-is-Genotoxic-2002

 

 

[7] European Parliament comments about base mobiililaitteiden ja tukiasemien liian suurista tehoista ja ICNIRP-raja-arvojen riittämättömyydestä:

 

http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/The-Bioinitiative-Working-Group-901580.html

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+TA+P6-TA-2008-0410+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN

(katso kohdat 21-23)

 

 

European Parliament (2009) Avoiding potential risks of electromagnetic fields

 

"Antennas, mobile phone masts and other electromagnetic emitting devices should be set within a specific distance from schools and health institutions, according to a report adopted by the European Parliament. The Commission should make more reliable information available about the effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields to citizens who feel that they are not well informed. The report was adopted with 559 votes in favour, 22 against and 8 abstentions."

 

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/expert/infopress_page/066-53234-091-04-14-911-20090401IPR53233-01-04-2009-2009-false/default_en.htm

 

Video: http://www.europarltv.europa.eu/yourParliament.aspx?action=view&PackageId=dc2851a5-d4d7-48b7-9769-ecc7e37e3a6b

 

 

[8] The official warning of the RNCNIRP Russia + disagreement about safe levels with the WHO International EMF Project:

 

http://www.radiationresearch.org/pdfs/rncnirp_children.pdf

 

http://www.who.int/peh-emf/publications/reports/en/russia.pdf

 

 

[9] The plan of France to ban the selling of mobile phones to children:

 

http://business.theage.com.au/business/france-proposes-banning-mobile-sales-to-children-20090108-7c61.html

 

 

Mobile phone ban in primary schools in France:

 

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6366590.ece

 

 

[10] Interphone-research project:

 

Basic information:

 

http://www.iarc.fr/en/Research-Groups/Clusters-Groups/Biostatistics-and-Epidemiology-Cluster/Radiation-Group/The-INTERPHONE-Study

 

 

Interphone-studies that indicate risk for those users who have used the mobile phone over 10 years:

 

http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/167/4/457

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17230523

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17851009

 

 

Lloyd Morgan, Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Interphone-critics:

 

http://www.radiationresearch.org/pdfs/20080612_morgan_bems.pdf

 

 

Khurana, V. G., Teo, C., Kundi, M., Hardell, L., & Carlberg, M. (2009). Cell phones and brain tumors: a review including the long-term epidemiologic data. Surgical Neurology, In Press, Corrected Proof. doi: 10.1016/j.surneu.2009.01.019.  

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19328536

 

 

About melanoma increase:

 

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/10/AR2008071001231.html

 

http://www.expressen.se/halsa/1.1610983/allt-fler-svenskar-far-hudcancer

 

 

Breast cancer increase:

 

http://www.breastcancerfund.org/site/c.kwKXLdPaE/b.3955907/k.FACE/Chemical_Fact_Sheet_Nonionizing_Radiation.htm

 

http://www.umg-verlag.de/umwelt-medizin-gesellschaft/404_ege.html

 

https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=1878

 

http://www.canceractive.com/page.php?n=970

 

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2003/pr27/en/

 

 

[11] Effect of pulsed microwaves on fertility:

 
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19649291 
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18415687
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T6K-4NN1TR4-N/2/5417f392de0b3fdec9e5c4d02d41c982 
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18804757 
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T6K-4P5RM32-1/2/4efeb8d86cc80f4e80cf7d703363e49f 
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16087567 
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19076254
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121559930/abstract 

 

 

[12] The existing ICNIRP guidance levels in Western Europe:

 

http://www.icnirp.de/documents/emfgdl.pdf

http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2002/20020294

http://www.finlex.fi/data/sdliite/liite/4354.pdf

and their critic:

http://www.powerwatch.org.uk/gen/intguidance.asp

http://www.salzburg.gv.at/salzburg_resolution_e.htm

http://www.radiationresearch.org/conference/downloads/021235_grigoriev.pdf

 

http://www.emfacts.com/papers/icnirp_critique.pdf

 

http://www.microwavenews.com/nc_oct2005.html#partners
 
http://www.hese-project.org/hese-uk/en/heseuk/science.php?content_type=R

 

http://www.microwavenews.com/IndustryRulesRF.html

 

 

A Norwegian TV documentary about ICNIRP guidance levels and industry connections:

 

http://www.nrk.no/programmer/tv/brennpunkt/1.6292981
 
http://www1.nrk.no/nett-tv/klipp/428197

 

An overview of Carl Blackman about signal modulation and how ICNIRP guidance levels do not take this in consideration:

http://www.bioinitiative.org/report/docs/section_14.pdf

 

Blackman, C. (2009) Cell phone radiation: Evidence from ELF and RF studies supporting more inclusive risk identification and assessment, Pathophysiology (2009).

 

http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/524214/description#description 

(A special EMF issue of the Pathophysiology journal)

 

 

60 % of independent research finds out biological effects and ICNIRP-guidance levels are based only on thermal effects:

 

Huss, A., Egger, M., Hug, K., Huwiler-Müntener, K., & Röösli, M. (2007). Source of funding and results of studies of health effects of mobile phone use: systematic review of experimental studies. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(1), 1-4.

 

http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2006/9149/abstract.html

 

 

All independent EMF-studies  till 2006 – classified based on biological effects:

 

http://home.scarlet.be/~tsf94646/001/documents/EMF%20&%20Health%20-%20Over%20900%20Studies%20.pdf

 

 

Frequency windows and need for mechanical research:

 

Video:

 

http://multimedia.biol.uoa.gr/2008/Seminaria_Diplwmatikes%20k.a/Synedrio_Thess/Global%20new/Belyaev_files/pbcast0.htm

 

1 hour mobile phone exposure disturbs the DNA repair of lymphocytes for 72 Hours:

 

Belyaev, I. Y., Markovà, E., Hillert, L., Malmgren, L. O. G., & Persson,

B. R. R. (2008). Microwaves from UMTS/GSM mobile phones induce

long-lasting inhibition of 53BP1/gamma-H2AX DNA repair foci in human lymphocytes. Bioelectromagnetics.

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18839414 

 

 

[13] Calcium Ion Efflux -phenomenon:

 

Bawin, S. M., Kaczmarek, L. K., & Adey, W. R. (1975). Effects of modulated VHF fields on the central nervous system. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 247, 74-81.

 

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119654674/abstract

 

Dokumentti: http://efile.mpsc.cis.state.mi.us/efile/docs/13934/0077.pdf

 

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1807758

 

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/112127444/abstract

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6712751

 

 

A Possible connection to the electrical hyper-sensitivity (EHS):

 

Goldsworthy, A. (2007). Biological effects of weak electromagnetic fields. Radiation Research Trust. A Report. http://www.radiationresearch.org/pdfs/goldsworthy_bio_weak_em_07.pdf

 

http://www.sciencenews.org/view/access/id/41699/title/NANOTUBE_AND_TUNNEL_CROWD


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18386044

 

[14] University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute – Advisory to the cellphone use:

 

http://www.upci.upmc.edu/news/upci_news/072308_celladvisory.cfm

 

US Congressional Hearing: "Mobile phones and cancer: what science says",

 

http://domesticpolicy.oversight.house.gov/story.asp?ID=2199

 

(Video and documents)

 

[15] Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, a mechanism that may damage DNA:

Friedman, J., Kraus, S., Hauptman, Y., Schiff, Y., & Seger, R. (2007). Mechanism of short-term ERK activation by electromagnetic fields at mobile phone frequencies. The Biochemical Journal, 405(3), 559-68. doi: BJ20061653.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17456048

 

 

A list of 15 experiments, where long term microwave exposure causes chromosome damage and/or DNA damage:

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15910543

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15935405

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17336440

http://www.ijhg.com/article.asp?issn=0971-6866;year=2005;volume=11;issue=2;spage=99;epage=104;aulast=Gandhi

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12160887

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18214898

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17011595

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12524674

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16116041

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16458332

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TF7-3V572NVD&_

user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_u

serid=10&md5=515eafea7e9a8e77184fa0f6ff2b023f

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436834

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18509546

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16836873

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15869902

 

A paper that explains the history of DNA-research and differences in results:

 

Phillips, J., Singh, N., & Lai, H. (n.d.). Electromagnetic fields and DNA damage. Pathophysiology, In Press, Corrected Proof.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TBB-4VRWNH1-5/2/c279b615c90b73b734d9d39cb21e13be

 

 

About the DNA breakage mechanism in ’common sense’. Also a description of effects on nature:

 

http://www.scribd.com/doc/15626453/Bees-Birds-Mankind-Destroying-Nature-by-Electrosmog-Ulrich-Warnke

 

Starting from page 35.

 

 

[16] How RF exposure affects pineal gland and its melatonin and serotonin production:

 

Burch, J. B., Reif, J. S., Noonan, C. W., Ichinose, T., Bachand, A. M., Koleber, T. L., et al. (2002). Melatonin metabolite excretion among cellular telephone users. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 78(11), 1029-1036.

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12456290

 

 

Altpeter, E., Martin Röösli, Markus Battaglia, Dominik Pfluger, Christoph E. Minder, & Theodor Abelin. (2006). Effect of short-wave (6-22 MHz) magnetic fields on sleep quality and melatonin cycle in humans: the Schwarzenburg shut-down study. Bioelectromagnetics, 27(2), 142-150.

 

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/112204797/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0

 

 

Henshaw, D. L., & Reiter, R. J. (2005). Do magnetic fields cause increased risk of childhood leukemia via melatonin disruption? Bioelectromagnetics, Suppl 7, S86-97.

 

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/110575502/abstract

 

 

Wood, A. W., Loughran, S. P., & Stough, C. (2006). Does evening exposure to mobile phone radiation affect subsequent melatonin production? International Journal of Radiation Biology, 82(2), 69-76.  

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16546905

 

 

Jarupat, S., Kawabata, A., Tokura, H., & Borkiewicz, A. (2003). Effects of the 1900 MHz electromagnetic field emitted from cellular phone on nocturnal melatonin secretion. Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, 22(1), 61-63.

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12672984

 

 

 

[17] Dr Robert O. Becker’s book: 'Cross Currents'.

 

http://www.amazon.com/Cross-Currents-Robert-O-Becker/dp/0874776090

Becker’s earlier book ‘Body Electric’:

 

http://www.scribd.com/doc/5360459/The-Body-Electric-Dr-Becker

 

 

Becker’s research about regeneration and electromagnetic fields in the PubMed:


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Becker%20RO%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus

 

 

Effect on animals, plants and insects:

 
http://www.livingplanet.be/emrbirds.htm

 

 

 

[18] The bigger risk of children and SAR-values:

 

Wiart, J., Hadjem, A., Wong, M. F., & Bloch, I. (2008). Analysis of RF exposure in the head tissues of children and adults. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 53(13), 3681-3695.

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18562780

 

 

Gandhi, O., Lazzi, G., & Furse, C. (1996). Electromagnetic absorption in the human head and neck for mobile telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, 44(10), 1884-1897. doi: 10.1109/22.539947.

 

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?tp=&arnumber=539947&isnumber=11668

 

 

Gandhi, O. P. (2002). Electromagnetic fields: human safety issues. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 4, 211-34. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.4.020702.153447.

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12117757

 

 

[19] EMC Technologies –laboratory measured 2-3 time SAR-values from the front side of the mobile phone + An interview of Dr Bruce Armstrong, Australian Interphone-research group leader (a video):

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJ03Ho8u6eA

 

 

Passive exposure in trains, buses and airplanes:

 

Research group of Tsuyoshi Hondou & Co:

 

http://www.cmpt.phys.tohoku.ac.jp/~hondou/page2/page2.html

 

(Please, check research papers and videos)

 

 

Frei, P., Mohler, E., Neubauer, G., Theis, G., Bürgi, A., Fröhlich, J., et al. (2009). Temporal and spatial variability of personal exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields. Environmental Research, In Press, Corrected Proof.

 

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WDS-4WBY563-1/2/34c912d1f30e0393ec1b0c6db587f624

 

 

IZGMF (2004) Funkfeldmessung in einem Linienbus (Radiation measurements in a bus). 

http://www.izgmf.de/Aktionen/Meldungen/Archiv_04/Messprojekt_Bus/messprojekt_bus.html
http://www.izgmf.de/Aktionen/Meldungen/Archiv_04/Messprojekt_Bus/Messprojekt_Linienbus_Abschlussbericht.pdf

 

 

[20] The health risks caused by the shut-down of the POTS and ADSL-network (landlines). A comment to the Ministry of Transport and Communications Finland:

 

http://beyondcreativity.blogs.com/mblog/2008/11/nordic-health-d.html

 

 

Mobile phone base stations and health risks. A literature review and news. Both positive and negative findings listed.

 

http://www.uta.fi/~mikko.ahonen/riski-extra.htm

 

 

An international appeal to reduce brain cancer risk of children: "Cellphones and Brain Tumors: 15 Reasons for Concern, Science, Spin and the Truth Behind Interphone":

 

http://radiationresearch.org/pdfs/15reasons_download.asp?format=1

 

 

Questions? 

 

Please, send us e-mail:   

 

Professor in physiology (emer.) Osmo Hänninen, osmo . hanninen  [ at ] uku . fi .

 

MD Seppo Kinnunen, kinnunenseppo [ at ] gmail . com .

 

Researcher Mikko Ahonen, mikko . ahonen [ at ]  uta . fi .